多发性硬化词汇
异常反应肌肉对刺激的反应, which can be increased when there is a malfunctioning of the central nervous system.
促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH): Hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisone.
攻击: Sudden onset of new symptoms or worsening of old ones due to multiple sclerosis. Generally, these symptoms must last for more than 24 hours before it is considered an attack. 这也可称为恶化或复发.
共济失调不能适当地协调运动. 这通常是指走路和手臂的运动.
自身免疫性疾病: 十大赌博靠谱网络平台 in which the immune system goes awry and develops a response against its own cells or tissues.
自主神经系统周围神经系统的一部分, 不受自愿控制, 它控制着出汗等“自动”功能, 心率, 性功能和排便.
中枢神经系统(CNS)这个系统由大脑和脊髓组成, 许多身体机能是在哪里被控制的, many sensations are processed and signals are sent to different parts of the body. Functions affected by the CNS include muscle control, eyesight, breathing and memory. 中枢神经系统不同于周围神经系统, which involves the actual nerves to and from the muscles and other body parts.
小脑:大脑底部的一部分,控制平衡.
脑脊液(CSF): A water-like fluid that surrounds and bathes the brain and the spinal cord.
脑脊液蛋白: This protein normally is dissolved in the spinal fluid and can be measured. 当有炎症时可能会增加.
可的松: Hormone of the adrenal glands known to have anti-inflammatory and immune system suppressing properties. 也称为糖皮质激素或类固醇.
细胞因子: Messenger chemicals released by T-cells that signal and mobilize other components of the immune system or other organs.
卧位: Refer to a body position that causes undue pressure on certain parts of the body, 哪一种会导致皮肤和底层组织最终破裂. 褥疮也被称为褥疮或压疮.
脱髓鞘疾病一种引起髓磷脂丢失(或损伤)的疾病. Multiple sclerosis is one example of a demyelinating disease in the central nervous system, 尽管其他情况也会导致髓鞘增生.
髓鞘脱失导致髓磷脂丢失或破坏的异常过程.
痴呆由于疾病过程而恶化的精神状态. 它可以由许多神经系统紊乱引起.
地塞米松(Decadron)一种高效的糖皮质激素, 或类固醇, which is used to decrease swelling and inflamation in the nervous system.
复视:双重视力.
构音障碍说话含糊不清.
吞咽困难: Difficulty swallowing that is often due to weakness or spasm of the esophagus.
诱发电位通过刺激特殊感官进行的诊断性测试, 比如看到, 听觉和感觉, 来评估这些中枢神经通路的功能.
恶化参见攻击.
水肿: A condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of fluid. 例如,当组织肿胀时.
丙种球蛋白: Specific proteins found in normal human serum and human CSF which are increased in the CSF in 70 percent to 80 percent of persons with multiple sclerosis.
免疫缺陷: General term describing different malfunctions in the immune system where it either does not respond to a foreign substance by destroying or neutralizing it, 或者免疫系统错误地破坏了正常的身体结构, 比如自身免疫疾病. 后一种情况的例子是红斑狼疮, 类风湿性关节炎和多发性硬化症.
免疫系统: Consists of a number of different structures in the human body (lymph nodes, 骨髓, 胸腺, 等.) which produce certain types of white blood cells and antibodies that have the ability to destroy or neutralize various germs, 毒物和其他外来物质.
尿失禁不能控制膀胱或大便.
囊内的:在椎管内.
可依的迹象: Sensation of tingling running down the middle of the back upon bending the neck forward. This can occur in different conditions involving the neck portion of the spinal cord and is sometimes felt in arms and legs as well.
腰椎穿刺(脊髓穿刺): Insertion of a needle into the spinal canal in order to obtain a sample of CSF and/or to inject special materials intrathecally.
Lymphocytopheresis从血液中去除白细胞.
磁共振成像(MRI): A technique that uses magnetic fields to produce images of deep internal body structures.
髓鞘: Fatty substance that acts as an insulator around most of the nerve fibers in the human body. 髓磷脂存在于中枢神经系统和周围神经系统.
多发性硬化症(MS):以恶化为特征的中枢神经系统障碍, 或加重, 和改进, 称为缓解, 的症状. 这在中枢神经系统中留下了多个疤痕,称为斑块. 常见症状包括力量丧失, 平衡和膀胱控制困难, 麻木和刺痛, 视力模糊或重影.
神经性膀胱功能障碍: A condition in which the control of urinary bladder control is disturbed. 症状包括尿频或尿急, 冲动感的丧失, inability to empty the bladder even though the urge may be present or loss of bladder control, 然后它会不规则地自发地排空自己.
眼球震颤反复抽搐的不正常的眼球运动.
寡克隆条带(免疫球蛋白G): Specific gamma globulin proteins that are increased in 80 percent of persons with MS.
视神经炎连接眼睛和大脑的神经发炎. 这可能会导致视力模糊或丧失,偶尔还会引起疼痛.
麻痹性痴呆虚弱,通常在手臂和腿部.
感觉异常: Abnormal sensations including, but not limited to, tingling, constriction and discomfort.
周围神经系统(PNS)由身体所有的神经组成, 中枢神经系统外, that carry signals from the CNS to the muscles and organs as well as signals from the body into the CNS.
斑块斑片状炎症, demyelination and sclerosis in the CNS that is characteristic of MS damage.
血浆置换: Removal of plasma, or the fluid portion of the blood that does not include cells, from the blood. This fluid contains the antibodies and its removal is an experimental treatment for MS.
位置感: Ability to feel slight movements of fingers or toes and to know where body parts are in space.
缓解: Improvement or complete disappearance of one or more of the neurological symptoms that result from MS.
罗姆伯格氏征: Inability to maintain balance in the standing position with feet and legs drawn together and eyes closed.
扫描的演讲由于小脑的十大赌博靠谱网络平台而引起的一种口齿不清的语言. 这也被称为爆炸性或共济失调性言语.
痉挛状态: Increased resistance to muscle str等hing and loss of normal elasticity of leg and/or arm muscles resulting from CNS disease process. Often manifested by muscle stiffness, which can result in difficulty moving the arms and legs.
地震包括手臂的各种有节奏的不自觉的运动, 腿还是头, occurring in numerous illnesses and conditions and greatly varying in type and severity.
尿动态测试: Specialized diagnostic tests of the bladder that measure functional integrity of the urinary system.
眩晕头晕或旋转的感觉.
视觉诱发电位(VEP)见诱发电位.
视野: Portion of space extending in all directions that can be seen by one eye without changing its position.
白细胞: Cells found in normal human blood or spinal fluid known to have protective properties and which are part of the immune system.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.