Hemorrhoids
痔疮是肛门和直肠下部正常解剖结构的一部分. 它们起到缓冲的作用,保护肛门皮肤不被粪便通过. Hemorrhoids usually are not a problem, but they can become a problem if they swell, 出血或突出——从直肠到肛门外.
Hemorrhoids are either inside the anus, called internal, or under the skin around the anus, called external. 来自直肠内部的痔疮被直肠的内膜所覆盖, called mucosa, and those that are on the outside are covered with skin. 有时内痔与外痔相连.
With increased pressure that can be caused by pregnancy, obesity, heavy lifting and chronic straining to have a bowel movement, hemorrhoids may become problematic.
Symptoms
虽然很多人都有痔疮,但并不是所有人都有症状. 内痔可能导致马桶内有鲜红色的血, a feeling of fullness or discomfort, or mucus discharge. They also can protrude, or pop out, with a bowel movement; usually, they return to the inside by themselves.
外痔是肛门附近的肿块,会引起疼痛. 这个肿块是由血凝块引起的,呈紫蓝色.
Because bleeding can be a symptom of cancer in the colon or rectum, a colonoscopy 在我们治疗你的痔疮之前需要做什么. 这是一种诊断程序,使用一根发光的、柔性的管子插入直肠. If you have a family history of cancer, are over age 50 or have other symptoms or risk factors, this test can catch colorectal cancer when it is small. This procedure is done as an outpatient basis. 少数做过这种手术的人可能会漏气或大便.
Treatment
At-home treatments
There are several ways to treat hemorrhoids. 最好的方法可能是减轻症状,防止痔疮成为问题. This is best done by:
- 每天用温水泡几次澡或坐浴,每次泡10分钟左右
- Using ice packs to reduce swelling
- 通过消除导致大便的食物,确保有规律、柔软的排便 constipation, adding fiber 在你的饮食中,多喝水,经常锻炼
- Spending less time on the toilet
- 当你有冲动的时候,试着排便,而不是忍住
Hemorrhoid procedures
If your hemorrhoids do not respond to the above therapies, or are already very problematic, there are a number of other treatments options, including:
Rubber band ligation
Also called banding, 这包括在直肠内的痔疮底部周围放置一个非常小的橡皮筋. 绷带会切断血液循环,痔疮会在7到10天内消失. 这会留下疤痕,防止进一步出血和脱垂. 这通常在办公室完成,但有时在手术中完成.
What to expect from banding:
- 痔疮脱落后7 ~ 10天出血
- Bleeding with bowel movements
- 直肠隐痛和充血——使用冰袋可以帮助缓解
- If you have increased pain, 发烧和排尿困难,必须立即返回十大赌博平台排行榜取下橡皮筋
- 10天内不要服用阿司匹林和非甾体类药物(布洛芬类止痛药)
- You may return to daily activities right away
Sclerotherapy
在血管周围注射一种化学溶液来缩小痔疮. This causes inflammation and scarring. 这是在办公室里完成的,但更有可能只是暂时有效. You may return to daily activities right away.
Hemorrhoidectomy
When hemorrhoids are severe, extensive, prolapsing or incarcerated, 它们可能需要通过手术切除,即痔疮切除术. This is done under anesthesia. 因为有对括约肌(控制排便的肌肉)造成永久性损伤的风险,所以只有在绝对必要的情况下才进行这种手术.
What to expect from hemorrhoidectomy:
- 在这个过程中你会经历很多不适,你将无法在5到10天内恢复正常活动.
- 如果手术后你不能排尿,你必须打电话给你的十大赌博平台排行榜.
- 10天内不要服用阿司匹林和非甾体类止痛药(如布洛芬).
- Warm baths will be soothing.
- 最初的几次排便会引起出血和疼痛. 止痛的麻醉药和大便软化剂是必要的.
Thrombosed external hemorrhoids
When an external hemorrhoid develops, it can be treated with excision, or cutting open, 如果你能在最初的24小时内看到痔疮或血栓. After that, 痔疮会自己消失,切开它不会帮助它更快地愈合. Warm baths are very helpful for this.
Creams and suppositories
你可能已经注意到,在这份讲义中没有提到面霜或栓剂. 我们相信这些可能会有所帮助,但也会造成问题. 肛门区域喜欢干燥,因为它是一个非常敏感的区域, it can develop allergies to some preparations.
Fiber
高纤维饮食会帮助你柔软、有规律的排便. Also, 排便的最佳时间是当你的身体给你排便的冲动时——这将最小化痔疮的问题, fissures, itching and other common colon, rectal and anal problems.
高纤维饮食每天约含25至30克纤维. 有关如何通过饮食增加纤维的信息,请参阅 Increasing Fiber Intake. For information on using supplements, please see Fiber Supplements.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.