应对策略 for 血管性痴呆 Caregivers
As a caregiver for someone suffering from 血管性痴呆(VaD), 当你试图提供照顾和理解你所照顾的人的行为变化时,你可能会面临困难的挑战. Understanding the behavior of a person with VaD can help lessen these difficulties.
People with VaD may exhibit the following behavior:
- 思维、行走和日常活动出现问题是最突出的症状. Many people with VaD also suffer from depression, 这会导致他们缺乏动力去做日常活动,或者对周围的十大赌博平台排行榜缺乏兴趣.
- Extreme anxiety about daily life, 这可以通过问问题和重复曾经熟悉的事件和/或人的信息来表现, 提前为约会/日托做准备,没完没了地使用笔记和提醒.
- 对过去习以为常的任务漠不关心或缺乏主动性,尽管现在感觉压力很大. 例如, 总是喜欢谜题的人,但不再玩谜题,因为这些谜题太难了,需要他/她不再拥有的技能.
- 当人们对环境的理解能力和控制或表达情感的能力下降时,可能会出现频繁的躁动. 例如, a person with VaD may strike out at their caregiver.
应对策略
The following strategies may help you cope with caring for someone with VaD:
Have realistic and attainable goals. 经常, caregivers try to make everything all right and strive for unrealistic goals, though end up exhausted and frustrated. Perhaps your goal is to be sure that your patient is clean, comfortable and well fed. 然而, 接受可能只有80%的成功会让你享受你可能花在担心无法实现这些目标的时间. 虽然困难, 试着去适应一个不太整洁的配偶或不太整洁的家.
Control vascular risk factors. 虽然目前还没有治疗方法可以改变VaD的影响,防止额外的风险 血管损伤尤其是中风,可以有效降低痴呆症恶化的风险. This can be done by encouraging exercise, 戒烟, 适量饮酒,并可能改变饮食以减少盐和饱和脂肪. 同样重要的是,VaD患者每年至少要检查一次血压和血脂水平. 除了, some risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, 心脏病, diabetes and high cholesterol can be controlled with drugs. Don't hesitate to discuss these options with your doctor. If vascular risk factors are not attended to properly, recurring strokes and worsening dementia symptoms may occur.
Anticipate misinterpretation 由你的病人. 患有VaD的人可能不再能够准确地解释语言或非语言提示, which can cause anxiety and frustration in both you and your patient. 尽量在你的交流中保持清晰和简洁——必要时使用相同的词语或信息重复一些事情. Reduce extraneous noise and distractions when trying to communicate. 不要使用容易混淆的代词,比如他、她或它,而是使用名字和特定的头衔.
Remember that all behavior has a purpose. Many experts believe that some of the behavioral symptoms that people with VaD exhibit, such as shouting or striking out, 有意义. Although the person does not generally intend to disrupt things or to hurt someone, they do intend to be noticed and perhaps communicate a need that is not being met. 除了, it is important to remember that while these behaviors 有意义, they are not intentional and the person is not doing this "on purpose," but more likely trying to convey a message that they can longer explain in words. 慢下来, 试着通过他们的眼睛看十大赌博平台排行榜,试着回应行为背后的“感觉”, rather than the behavior itself, may prevent an emotional crisis.
享受美好时光. 许多患有VaD的人在疾病后期仍然保持身体健康,保持舒适和十大赌博靠谱网络平台社交活动的能力. 因此, 继续社交, 旅行, 积极参加对你和你的病人都有乐趣的活动. 经常, 熟悉的活动对VaD患者来说仍然是愉快的,应该鼓励. 然而,尝试学习新任务或开始新的爱好可能会令人沮丧或不堪重负.
回忆过去 并鼓励讨论熟悉的人和地方,唤起你和你的病人愉快的感觉. Memories from the distant past are not usually affected and watching family videos, 看照片或回顾过去的旅行可以让你和你的病人继续分享经验和感受. 允许你的病人与家人、孙子和朋友分享他们记得的历史. This is fun for everyone and helps your patient feel connected to their loved ones.
是灵活的. Remember that VaD is a progressive disease. Your patient's symptoms and needs will change over time. If strategies such as notes or reminders are no longer working, don't use them. A successful intervention at one stage may become a frustration and disaster at another. Seek help, ask for advice and learn from others who have had similar experiences. More challenging behavioral symptoms of a patient with VaD, 例如,抗拒护理或具有攻击性对护理人员来说尤其困难,通常需要非常个性化的方法. 和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈治疗方法,包括药物和非药物.
安全
Your patient's safety is an important priority. As their disease progresses, 他们的记忆力和判断力受损,往往无法预测或避免危险情况. 对于照顾者来说,这可能是一项巨大的责任,需要创造性的应对策略. The following recommendations may help ensure your patient's safety.
监督 可能会对VaD患者产生更大的需求,因为他们变得更健忘,判断力下降. 最好是单独评估每种情况,并根据需要逐步提高患者的监督水平. This will help them maintain as much independence and autonomy as possible, in as safe a setting as can be provided. 通常很难确定所需的监督水平,并涉及评估患者当前和潜在行为的风险和后果,以及保护患者所涉及的轻松/不适.
When evaluating your patient's need for supervision, behaviors to review include:
- Ability to handle emergencies when left unsupervised
- Ability to use appliances safely
- Ability to safely answer the phone or door when left alone
- 流浪倾向. 这可能发生在晚期,当患者对自己在哪里或试图找到一个熟悉的人或地方感到困惑时. If there is a concern about this, enrolling your patient in the Safe Return program should be considered. 这个程序, which is administered by the Alzheimer's Association, 为患有VaD的人提供全国登记和身份识别,以便在他们走失或迷路时帮助找到他们.
监督 strategies may include:
- Simple reminder phone calls for medications
- Alarms on doors to prevent exiting
- Personal supervision to prevent physical injury or harm
Modifying the environment 限制你的病人接触潜在的危险环境可以让他们继续保持独立和安全. Especially in the early stages of VaD, reminders and cues in your patient's environment may be enough to ensure their safety. 例如, 把一项任务所涉及的步骤贴出来,或者给存放物品的地方贴上标签,这对你的病人非常有帮助.
In the later stages of the disease, 你可能需要采取一些策略来限制你的病人接触潜在的危险情况, 例如,在装有潜在危险材料的橱柜上安装儿童安全把手.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.